Area: 120,330 square miles                                             Population: 37,100,000

Poland has an eventful history starting with the first ruler, Duke Mieszko of the House of Piasts. The Piasts were superseded at the end of the 14th century by the Jagiello dynasty. After the Jagiellos were no more, the Polish aristocracy elected foreign princes as their kings. In the more recent history, the rule of Jan III Sobieski (1674-1696) can be described as a grand climax in Polish history, who by virtue of his victory over the Turks before the gates of Vienna was acclaimed as the hero of the occident. The years 1772, 1793 and 1795 brought the partition of Poland and thus the temporary ceasing of the independent state. The Duchy of Warsaw created in 1807, the later Congress Poland, must be considered as a transition stage up until the foundation of the republic. Although the Central Powers had supported the creation of a kingdom in 1916, the republic was proclaimed on November 11, 1918. During 1939 to 1944 Central Poland came under the German State as a government of occupation. After the end of the Second World War, the People’s Republic was created. 

Monetary System

100 Fenigow = 1 Marka, since 1923: 100 Groszy = 1 Zloty

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